{"id":3623,"date":"2022-04-29T10:00:40","date_gmt":"2022-04-29T07:00:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gozdehaber.org\/?p=3623"},"modified":"2022-04-29T10:00:40","modified_gmt":"2022-04-29T07:00:40","slug":"cocuklar-neden-korkar-cocuklarin-korkularini-yenmesi-icin-ne-yapmali","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gozdehaber.org\/cocuklar-neden-korkar-cocuklarin-korkularini-yenmesi-icin-ne-yapmali-3623\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7ocuklar neden korkar? \u00c7ocuklar\u0131n korkular\u0131n\u0131 yenmesi i\u00e7in ne yapmal\u0131?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00c7ocuklar neden korkar? \u00c7ocuklar\u0131n endi\u015felerini yenmesi i\u00e7in ne yapmal\u0131?<\/h2>\n

\u00c7ocuklar endi\u015feyi sonradan \u00f6\u011frenmektedir. Lakin verece\u011fi reaksiyonleri yakla\u015f\u0131k d\u00f6rt ayl\u0131kken belirtmeye ba\u015flar. \u00c7ocuklar\u0131n bu deh\u015fetleri a\u015fik\u00e2r ya\u015flarda muhakkak deh\u015fetler olarak ola\u011fand\u0131r. Bu da onlara etraflar\u0131na ahenk sa\u011flamay\u0131 ve ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kmay\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretir. S\u0131caktan korkan bir \u00e7ocuk, tehlike oldu\u011funu \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015ftir. Bu durumda hangi deh\u015fetler ola\u011fand\u0131r? \u00c7ocuklar nelerden korkar? \u00c7ocuklar\u0131n deh\u015fetlerini yenmesi i\u00e7in ne yapmal\u0131?<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u00c7ocuklar kayg\u0131y\u0131 sonradan \u00f6\u011frenmektedir. Lakin verece\u011fi reaksiyonleri yakla\u015f\u0131k d\u00f6rt ayl\u0131kken belirtmeye ba\u015flar. \u00c7ocuklar\u0131n bu kayg\u0131lar\u0131 a\u015fik\u00e2r ya\u015flarda muhakkak kayg\u0131lar olarak ola\u011fand\u0131r. Bu da onlara etraflar\u0131na ahenk sa\u011flamay\u0131 ve ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kmay\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretir. S\u0131caktan korkan bir \u00e7ocuk, tehlike oldu\u011funu \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015ftir. Bu durumda hangi endi\u015feler ola\u011fand\u0131r? \u00c7ocuklar nelerden korkar? \u00c7ocuklar\u0131n kayg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 yenmesi i\u00e7in ne yapmal\u0131?<\/p>\n

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Kayg\u0131 duygusu, ger\u00e7ek bir tehlike ya da tehlike m\u00fcmk\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn kan\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n uyand\u0131rmas\u0131 sonucunda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Ya\u015famsal bir d\u00fczenektir ve asl\u0131nda t\u00fcm hislerin \u00f6tesinde \u00e7ok de\u011ferli bir yere sahiptir. Bilhassa \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n geli\u015fimi i\u00e7in yads\u0131namaz bir yere sahip olan deh\u015fet, t\u00fcm hayat\u0131 i\u00e7in zihninde yapmas\u0131 gerekenler ve yapmamas\u0131 gerekenler olarak, d\u00fcnyay\u0131 anlamland\u0131rmas\u0131na ve hal vermesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. Endi\u015fe duygusu \u00e7ocu\u011fun b\u00fcy\u00fcmesiyle \u015fekillenir ve evrimle\u015fir. Muhakkak ba\u015fl\u0131 kayg\u0131lar yerini al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klara, \u00f6\u011fretilere ve tecr\u00fcbeye b\u0131rak\u0131r. Vakitle g\u00f6r\u00fclen bu de\u011fi\u015fimde, \u00e7ocu\u011fun hayat\u0131n\u0131n her periyoduna has endi\u015feler bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bunlar ola\u011fan kar\u015f\u0131lanan kayg\u0131lard\u0131r.\u00a0<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u00e7ocuk kayg\u0131lar\u0131<\/div>\n<\/p>\n

\u00c7OCUK END\u0130\u015eELER\u0130 NE VAK\u0130T BA\u015eLAR?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c7ocuklarda kayg\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131 uzmanlar taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmayla, ortalama 4 ayl\u0131kken tepki vermesiyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi \u00f6\u011frenildi. \u00c7ocuk iki ya\u015f\u0131na kadar iki t\u0131p kayg\u0131y\u0131 bask\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klayan psikologlar, bu tiplerin en do\u011fal endi\u015feler oldu\u011funu da belirtti. Uzmanlar hali haz\u0131rda g\u00f6r\u00fclenin ayr\u0131l\u0131k korkusu ve yabanc\u0131 korkusu oldu\u011funu \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u00e7ocuk endi\u015feleri<\/div>\n<\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131l\u0131k Tasas\u0131:<\/em><\/span> <\/strong>\u00c7ocukta 6 ila 8 ayl\u0131kken ba\u015flayan, 13-15. aylarda en \u00fcst d\u00fczeye \u00e7\u0131kan dert tipidir. Bu tasa \u00e7e\u015fidinde 2\u00a0sonras\u0131nda da okula ba\u015flamak \u00fczere \u201cayr\u0131l\u0131k\u201d<\/strong> temas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcndeme getiren \u00f6m\u00fcr olaylar\u0131nda tetiklenir ve g\u00f6zlenebilir.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Yabanc\u0131 Tasas\u0131:<\/em><\/span> <\/strong>Bebe\u011fin yabanc\u0131 bireylere kar\u015f\u0131 duydu\u011fu endi\u015fe \u00e7e\u015fididir. Birinci y\u0131l\u0131n birinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda ba\u015flar ve 2 ya\u015f\u0131na kadar yava\u015f yava\u015f azalarak kaybolur.<\/em><\/p>\n

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\u00e7ocuk deh\u015fetleri<\/div>\n<\/p>\n

\u00c7OCUKLAR NELERDEN KORKAR?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c7ocuklar\u0131n en yayg\u0131n endi\u015feleri ortas\u0131nda ayr\u0131lma ve yabanc\u0131 derdinin olmas\u0131yla birlikte, bedensel ziyanlara kar\u015f\u0131 d\u00fcrt\u00fclerinin olu\u015fmas\u0131yla ani ses, ola\u011fan ya\u015fant\u0131s\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 obje yahut canl\u0131lar, karanl\u0131k, uyku \u00f6ncesi olarak belirtilmi\u015ftir. Bu \u00e7e\u015fit deh\u015fetler asl\u0131nda deneyimlemedi\u011fi durumlara kar\u015f\u0131 tecr\u00fcbe kazanmas\u0131yla ortadan kalkmakta oldu\u011fu belirtildi. Bu durum baz\u0131nda k\u00f6pek sesinden korkan 9 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki bir \u00e7ocuk, al\u0131\u015ft\u0131k\u00e7a ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ok\u015fay\u0131p k\u00f6pek sevmeye ba\u015flayabilmektedir. Bunlar belirsizli\u011fin a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131yla yenilen deh\u015fet tiplerindendir.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u00e7ocuk deh\u015fetleri<\/div>\n<\/p>\n

Okul \u00f6ncesi periyotta, bilhassa 2-5 ya\u015flar\u0131 ortas\u0131nda \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n endi\u015felerinde farkl\u0131la\u015fma ve artmalar g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu ya\u015ftaki \u00e7ocuklar i\u00e7in ger\u00e7ek ve fantezi ortas\u0131ndaki ayr\u0131m her vakit besbelli de\u011fildir. Bu devirde en s\u0131k rastlanan kayg\u0131lar ortas\u0131nda, h\u0131rs\u0131z, hayali yarat\u0131klar, anne babadan ayr\u0131lma, karanl\u0131k, yaln\u0131z kalma, karanl\u0131k, y\u00fckseklik, asans\u00f6rde kalma, kaybolma korkusu ve hayvanlardan korkma say\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u00e7ocuk endi\u015feleri<\/div>\n<\/p>\n

4-5 ya\u015flar\u0131 aral\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki \u00e7ocuklarda endi\u015felerinde artmalar g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Merakl\u0131 olan \u00e7ocu\u011fun zihni geli\u015fime a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r ve hayal g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yere sarfiyat.\u00a0Bu ya\u015ftaki \u00e7ocuklar i\u00e7in ger\u00e7ek ve fantezi ortas\u0131ndaki ayr\u0131m her vakit besbelli de\u011fildir. Bu periyotta en s\u0131k rastlanan deh\u015fetler ortas\u0131nda, h\u0131rs\u0131z, hayali yarat\u0131klar, anne babadan ayr\u0131lma, karanl\u0131k, yaln\u0131z kalma, karanl\u0131k, y\u00fckseklik, asans\u00f6rde kalma, kaybolma korkusu ve hayvanlardan korkma say\u0131labilir. Bu usul kayg\u0131lar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde g\u00f6ren \u00e7ocuk anne ve babas\u0131yla yatmak istedi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Anne babalar\u0131n bu durum kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda onu yan\u0131na almamal\u0131, k\u0131zmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Uzmanlar, bu durumu epeyce a\u00e7\u0131k ve anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r bir lisanla ger\u00e7ek olmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, sakinle\u015ftirip o uyuyana kadar odas\u0131nda kalaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ancak sonras\u0131nda kendi yata\u011f\u0131na d\u00f6nece\u011fini bildirmelidir.<\/p>\n

Anne \u2013babalar\u0131n birtak\u0131m durumlar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi reaksiyonler de k\u0131ymetlidir. \u00c7ocuklar anne-babalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6rnek alarak etkilenebilirler. Bu bi\u00e7imde kimi kayg\u0131lar \u00f6\u011frenilir.(K\u00f6pekten korkan annenin \u00e7ocu\u011funu m\u00fcdafaas\u0131 i\u00e7in onu da k\u00f6pe\u011fe yakla\u015ft\u0131rmamas\u0131 \u00fczere…)<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u00e7ocuk endi\u015feleri<\/div>\n<\/p>\n

\u00c7ocuklardaki kayg\u0131lar, \u00e7evresel etkenlerden de kaynaklanabilir. Zira \u00f6b\u00fcr hisler \u00fczere deh\u015fet da deneyerek, deneyim edilerek ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Uzmanlar\u0131n verdikleri \u00f6rneklerde bulunan anne baban\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131rmas\u0131yla, \u00e7ocu\u011fun okulda ba\u011f\u0131ran \u00f6\u011fretmenine kar\u015f\u0131 endi\u015fe duygusu beslemesi tecr\u00fcbelenmi\u015f bir tiptir. \u00d6\u011fretmeninin ona ba\u011f\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcp, korkmaya ba\u015flayabilmektedir.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u00e7ocuk deh\u015fetleri<\/div>\n<\/p>\n

KORKAN \u00c7OCU\u011eA NE YAPMAMALI?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Psikolog ve pedagoglara en \u00e7ok sorulan sorulardan biri olan bu ba\u015fl\u0131k alt\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131klama yapan uzmanlar, \u00f6ncelikle asla ancak asla diyerek alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izdikleri vurgu ile \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n kayg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 yok saymamas\u0131, bast\u0131rmamas\u0131, asla k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmsememesi gerekti\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. “Bunda korkacak ne var?” “Ka\u00e7 defa s\u00f6yledim sana bir \u015fey yok yaln\u0131zca g\u00f6k g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcs\u00fc bu!”<\/strong> kullan\u0131lmamas\u0131 gereken c\u00fcmlelere \u00f6rnek olarak verildi. Endi\u015feyi hafifletmek emeliyle kendilerini yetersiz hissedecekleri ,“Erkek adam hi\u00e7 korkar m\u0131?”, “Sen art\u0131k kocaman oldun, abisin\/ablas\u0131n”<\/strong> \u00fczere telaffuzlardan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r ve \u00e7ocu\u011fun kayg\u0131 duydu\u011fu nesneye kar\u015f\u0131 zorlanmamal\u0131, yarg\u0131lanmamal\u0131 ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lanmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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\u00e7ocuk deh\u015fetleri<\/div>\n<\/p>\n

\u00c7OCUKLARIN KAYGILARINI YENMES\u0130 \u0130\u00c7\u0130N NE YAPMALI?<\/strong><\/p>\n